Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) occurs when pelvic organs like the bladder, uterus, or rectum bulge into the vaginal wall due to weakened or damaged pelvic floor muscles and tissues. Pelvic organ prolapse surgery is a procedure designed to repair and support the structures that have descended into the vaginal area.
There are several surgical approaches to treat pelvic organ prolapse. The choice of procedure depends on factors such as the severity of prolapse, the specific organs involved, patient’s overall health, and preference. Some common types of pelvic prolapse surgeries include:
- Anterior or Posterior Colporrhaphy: This surgery involves repairing the front (anterior) or back (posterior) vaginal wall where the bladder or rectum may protrude.
- Vaginal Mesh Surgery: In some cases, surgeons use a synthetic mesh to provide additional support to the weakened pelvic tissues. However, the use of vaginal mesh has sparked controversy due to complications and adverse effects, leading to more restrictions in some regions.
- Sacrocolpopexy: This more complex procedure involves using a mesh to attach the top of the vagina to a ligament near the tailbone (sacrum) or the lower spine.
- Hysterectomy: In cases where the uterus is contributing to the prolapse, removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) may be recommended as part of the treatment.
- Uterosacral Ligament Suspension: This surgery involves attaching the top of the vagina to ligaments in the pelvis for additional support.
It’s important to note that not all cases of pelvic organ prolapse require surgery. Conservative options, such as pelvic floor physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and supportive devices like pessaries, can also be effective. The best treatment depends on the individual’s symptoms, health, and the severity of the prolapse. Patients should discuss the risks, benefits, and alternatives with their doctor.