Interstitial Cystitis (IC) and Painful Bladder Syndrome (PBS)
Interstitial cystitis (IC) and painful bladder syndrome (PBS) are conditions characterized by bladder inflammation. They can lead to symptoms such as bladder or pelvic pain, frequent urination, and urgency to urinate.

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Risk Factors and Associated Illnesses

While IC/PBS is not well understood, it is not considered a psychological condition. Risk factors include being female and having a history of frequent urinary tract infections or gynecologic surgery. Associated illnesses may include inflammatory bowel disease, lupus, irritable bowel syndrome, and others, although they are not known to cause IC/PBS.

Symptoms

Symptoms of IC/PBS may include:

  • Decreased bladder capacity, leading to frequent urination
  • Urgent need to urinate
  • Bladder pain, pressure, and tenderness
  • Painful sexual intercourse
  • Discomfort or pain in the genital area

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of IC/PBS involves excluding other conditions with similar symptoms. Tests may include:

  • Urinalysis
  • Urine culture
  • Cystoscopy
  • Biopsy
  • Physical examinations

Diagnosing IC/PBS involves considering typical symptoms and ruling out other conditions.

Treatment Options

Treatment options include:

  • Heparinoid drugs: Medications to help restore the integrity of the bladder lining.
  • Oral medications: Including tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentin, and antihistamines to manage symptoms.
  • Bladder distension: A procedure that can provide relief for some patients.
  • Intravesical drug therapy: Administering medications directly into the bladder.

The choice of treatment depends on the individual’s condition and response to therapy. In severe cases, treatments such as sacral neuromodulation, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and surgery may be considered.

Home Remedies and Lifestyle Modifications

Home remedies and lifestyle modifications may also help manage symptoms, including:

  • Dietary changes
  • Quitting smoking
  • Regular exercise
  • Bladder training

While there is no cure for IC/PBS, managing symptoms and seeking appropriate treatment can significantly improve an individual’s quality of life. If you suspect you have IC/PBS, consult one of our Urological providers for an accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment plan.